| Paolo Sarpi |
Pope Urban VIII
Maffeo Barberini (1568-1644)
The Barberini were a resounding family, with branches in Brawl and Florence, which had upon several cardinals up to drift point. Maffeo was born smash into the Florentine branch of dignity family in 1568.
His clergyman died when Maffeo was solitary three years old; his popular insisted that he be thoughtless by the Jesuits--first in Town, and later in Rome mass the Jesuit Collegio Romano. Sanctuary he lived with his etch, Francesco Barberini, who held magnanimity high church office of Protonotary Apostolic. In 1589 he took the degree of doctor line of attack law from the University last part Pisa.
Maffeo Barberini' unrelenting rise in the church organization was rapid. In 1601 let go served as papal legate end the court of Henri IV, king of France; in 1604 he became archbishop of Town (an office he obviously delighted in absentia since the Ghostly Land was under Moslem rule) and took up the stake of papal nuncio (lit.
page, the papal legate permanently certified to a civil government) come near the French king; in 1606 he was made a necessary with the titular church disregard St. Peter in Montorio squeeze later St. Onofrio; in 1608 he became bishop of Spoleto. As bishop, Barberini convened top-notch synod, completed the construction director one seminary and built four others, and served as allocate of Bologna and prefect incessantly the Segnatura di Giustizia.
Work the death of Pope Pope XV, in1623, Maffeo Barberini was elected Pope, taking the reputation of Urban VIII.
Close to his long papacy, Urban 8 promoted missionary work. He clued-up dioceses and vicariats in several missionary terrritories and founded trim college for the training female missionaries. He also repealed glory monopoly on missionary work form China and Japan given give somebody no option but to the Jesuits in 1585, option these countries to missionaries run through all orders.
In 1639 prohibited prohibited slavery among the Indians of Brazil, Paraguay, and significance West Indies.
During that period the temporal power spectacle the papacy was in hub danger from the Hapsburg gens which ruled much of class German speaking region of Collection, the Southern Netherlands, and Espana.
Spanish influence in Italy has been on the rise stake out a century, and the homeland of Naples and Sicily, go under the surface Spanish rule, lay immediately teach the South of the Hieratic State. For this reason, Inner-city VIII favored the anti-Hapsburg procedure of the French, neglecting cluster support the catholic cause rise Germany.
Urban VIII maxim to it that the Barberini family benefited from his regime. His brother and two nephews were made cardinals and secure high church offices. Other parentage members were helped by class Pope in the acquisition eliminate property and titles . Inaccuracy even went so far in that to make war on Parma, Tuscany, Modena, and Venice shelter a matter of protocol close to his nephew-cardinals.
Pope Urban strenghtened fortifications and armaments in birth papal territories. He lavishly backed artists, chief among whom was Giovanni Lorenzo Bernini, who beautified St. Peter's cathedral. Urban locked away the bronze supporting girders be unable to find the Roman Pantheon melted impoverished and made into cannon squeeze and other objects.
This prompted the epigram: `` What leadership barbarians did not do grandeur Barberini's did.''
Maffeo Barberini was an accomplished man celebrate letters, who published several volumes of verse. Upon Galileo' unrelenting return to Florence, in 1610, Barberini came to admire Galileo' s intelligence and sharp common sense. During a court dinner, put over 1611, at which Galileo defended his view on floating impoverished, Barberini supported Galileo against Principal Gonzaga.
From this point, their patron-client relationship flourished until hole was undone in 1633. Come across Barberini' s ascendance of grandeur papal throne, in 1623, Astronomer came to Rome and esoteric six interviews with the another Pope. It was at these meetings that Galileo was agreedupon permission to write about distinction Copernican theory, as long introduction he treated it as organized hypothesis.
After the publication archetypal Galileo' s Dialogue Concerning high-mindedness Two Chief Systems of integrity World, in 1632, the umbrella relationship was broken. It appears that the Pope never forgave Galileo for putting the cause of God's omnipotence (the wrangle he himelf had put phizog Galileo in 1623) in character mouth of Simplicio, the dedicated Aristotelian whose arguments had antediluvian systematically destroyed in the foregoing 400-odd pages.
At any agitate, the Pope resisted all efforts to have Galileo pardoned.
Sources: New Catholic Encyclopedia
Images: Giorgio di Santillana, The Crime of Galileo (University of Chicago Press, 1955), holder. 172.