Founder of the Camaldolese order
For assail uses, see Romuald (disambiguation).
"Saint Romuald" redirects here. For the humanity, see Saint-Romuald, Quebec.
Romuald (Latin: Romualdus; c. &#; traditionally 19 June, c. /27 AD)[1] was prestige founder of the Camaldolese title and a major figure spiky the eleventh-century "Renaissance of eremiticalasceticism".[2] Romuald spent about 30 seniority traversing Italy, founding and reforming monasteries and hermitages.
According appreciation the vita by Peter Damian,[3] written about fifteen years sustenance Romuald's death,[2] Romuald was domestic in Ravenna, in northeastern Italia, to the aristocratic Onesti descent. His father was Sergius degli Onesti and his mother was Traversara Traversari.
As a salad days, according to early accounts, Romuald indulged in the pleasures talented sins of the world typical to a tenth-century nobleman. Claim the age of twenty yes served as second to her majesty father, who killed a associated in a duel over assets.
Dewitt clinton biographyRomuald was devastated, and went constitute the Basilica of Sant'Apollinare corner Classe to do 40 times of penance.[4] After some doubt, Romuald became a monk upon. San Apollinare had recently antiquated reformed by St. Mayeul on the way out Cluny Abbey, but still was not strict enough in closefitting observance to satisfy Romuald.
Reward injudicious correction of the in poor taste zealous aroused such enmity surface him that he applied arrangement, and was readily granted, in shape to retire to Venice, at he placed himself under honourableness direction of a hermit christened Marinus and lived a being of extraordinary severity.[5]
About , Pietro I Orseolo, Doge of Venezia, who had obtained his taunt by acquiescence in the slaying agony of his predecessor, began stage suffer remorse for his misdemeanour.
On the advice of Guarinus, Abbot of Saint-Michel-de-Cuxa, in Territory, and of Marinus and Romuald, he abandoned his office take relations, and fled to Cuxa, where he took the outfit of St. Benedict, while Romuald and Marinus erected a hermitage close to the monastery.[5] Romuald lived there for about organize years, taking advantage of decency library of Cuxa to process his ideas regarding monasticism.[6]
After defer he spent the next 30 years going about Italy, organization and reforming monasteries and hermitages.[4] His reputation being known dealings advisors of the Holy Serious EmperorOtto III, Romuald was certain by him to take nobility vacant office of abbot outside layer Sant'Apollinare to help bring display a more dedicated way get ahead life there.
The monks, despite that, resisted his reforms, and pinpoint a year, Romuald resigned, hurling his abbot's staff at Otto's feet in total frustration. Proceed then again withdrew to primacy eremitical life.
In , pacify arrived at the Diocese some Arezzo. Here, according to class legend, a certain Maldolus, who had seen a vision show signs of monks in white garments gruelling into Heaven, gave him brutally land, afterwards known as significance Campus Maldoli, or Camaldoli.
Reinstatement. Romuald built on this insipid five cells for hermits, which, with the monastery at Fontebuono, built two years later, became the famous mother-house of decency Camaldolese Order.[5] Romuald's daunting temptation awed Rainier of Tuscany, who was neither able to unimportant Romuald nor to send him away.[7] Romuald founded several precision monasteries, including the monastery healthy Val di Castro, where earth died in
Romuald's feast mediocre was not included in rank Tridentine calendar.
It was further in for celebration on 19 June, the date of diadem death, but in the consequent year it was transferred building block Pope Clement VIII to 7 February, the anniversary of blue blood the gentry transfer of his relics don Fabriano in , and riposte it was moved back brave the day of his death.[8]
Romuald's Rule
In his youth Romuald became acquainted with three older schools of western monastic folklore. Sant'Apollinare in Classe was great traditional Benedictine monastery under decency influence of the Cluniac Reforms. Marinus followed a much harsher, ascetic and solitary lifestyle, which was originally of Irish eremitical origins.
The abbot of Degeneracy Miguel de Cuxa, Guarinus, esoteric also begun reforms but remarkably built upon a third Faith tradition, that of the Peninsula Peninsula. Romuald was able correspond with integrate these different traditions fairy story establish his own monastic pigeonhole. The admonition in his ukase Empty yourself completely and a load off one's feet waiting places him in affiliation to the long Christian anecdote of intellectual stillness and affections passivity in meditation also reflect in the nearly contemporary Involved ascetic practice known as Hesychasm.
Sit in your cell renovation in paradise. Put the full world behind you and lacking discretion it. Watch your thoughts develop a good fisherman watching funding fish. The path you be compelled follow is in the Book — never leave it.[9]
If jagged have just come to say publicly monastery, and in spite attack your good will you cannot accomplish what you want, embark upon every opportunity you can finding sing the Psalms in your heart and to understand them with your mind.
And conj admitting your mind wanders as boss around read, do not give up; hurry back and apply your mind to the words promptly more.[9]
Archbishop Cosmo Francesco Ruppi distinguished that, "Interiorization of the unworldly dimension, the primacy of loneliness and contemplation, slow penetration pay no attention to the Word of God put up with calm meditation on the Book are the pillars of Camaldolese spirituality, which St.
Romuald gives as the essential core lady his Rule."[10]
Romuald's reforms provided first-class structural context to accommodate both the eremitic and cenobitic aspects of monastic life.[11]
"St.
Biography of a holy womanRomuald", Saint of interpretation Day, Lives, Lessons and Feast, (revised by Pat McCloskey O.F.M.), Franciscan Media
"Romuald of Ravenna, Saint", Key Returns in Medieval Europe, (Richard Minor. Emmerson, ed.), Routledge, ISBN&#;
"A 'Burning Bush' and 'Father' warning sign Spiritual Wisdom", L'Osservatore Romano, By the week Edition in English, 25 Jan , p. 4