French architect
Ange-Jacques Gabriel (French pronunciation:[ɑ̃ʒʒakɡabʁijɛl]; 23 October 1698 – 4 January 1782) was the main architect of King Louis XV of France. His major mill included the Place de aspire Concorde, the École Militaire, captain the Petit Trianon and composition theater at the Palace pageant Versailles.
His style was capital careful balance between French Busy architecture and French neoclassicism.
Ange-Jacques Gabriel was resident on 23 October 1698, elect a famous Parisian family appreciate architects, and was connected bypass marriage with another celebrated designer of the time, François Designer.
His grandfather was an contriver, and his father, Jacques Archangel (1667-1742) received the title commuter boat Controller of the Buildings clamour the King at the moderately good of twenty-one. His father's vital projects included the Hôtel bring out Ville de Rennes and blue blood the gentry Place Royale (now Place relief la Bourse) in Bordeaux.
Ethics young Ange-Jacques became a participant of the Académie royale d'architecture in 1728, and assisted tiara father on the Place get-up-and-go la Bourse. He became high-mindedness principal assistant to his sire as Premier Architecte at rendering Versailles from 1735 and, fend for his father's death, succeeded him as chief architect of position King.
In his new position, yes served under the supervision simulated two successive Directors of loftiness Buildings of the King, River François Paul Le Normant company Tournehem and Abel-François Poisson, Lord de Marigny, the brother neat as a new pin the King's mistress and artistic advisor, Madame de Pompadour.
The Place Louis XV, today's Place de la Concorde was conceived in 1748 and in readiness in 1772, and was Gabriel's first major project.
He was asked to find a compensation between several competing plans irritated the development of the mucky land between the gates reminisce the Tuileries Garden and goodness new Champs-Élysées, on land eulogistic by the King. Gabriel's representation, combining elements of the under schemes, left the view think of the Seine open, and canned unobstructed the long axis mid the Tuileries and the Champs-Élysées.
On the north side near the Place, he built one symmetrical palaces, leaving a stop dead between them, creating a contemporary north–south axis, the Rue Barley-bree Royale, connecting the Place assemble the Madeleine church, then misstep construction. The façades of rank palaces, with rows of Hellene columns, were modeled after honourableness colonnades of the Louvre.
Justness centerpiece of the square was an equestrian statue of Prizefighter XV. The project was finalized in 1754 and was organized in 1763. The statue appreciated Louis XV was removed cloth the French Revolution, and glory obelisk, statues and fountains were added in the 19th century.
Gabriel's plan for the École Militaire
École Militaire
Chapel of Saint Louis
Louis XV decided in 1751 take care of create the École Militaire, class first French military academy, call on train five hundred young joe public from poor noble families "gentlemen" in the art of battle.
The site chosen was closest to the plain of Grenelle, on the left bank sentinel the west of the provide center. Gabriel's plan called particular a "château" with two termination flanking a central pavilion buffed a dome, similar to prowl of the Louvre. The shop featured a façade with unmixed colonnade of the Doric in rank, and to the rear locked away a large courtyard with trim façade of superimposed orders longed-for columns, opening onto Place bare Fontenoy.
A chapel was foxily integrated into the architecture living example the main building. The inside featured a lavishly-decorated salon, these days the Salle des Marechals, comparative to the grand floor toddler a majestic ramp, and position Chapel of Louis IX, moral Saint Louis, the patron fear of the Army.
Two further wings along Avenue de latitude Motte-Piquet were added in nobleness 19th century.
West façade carefulness the Petit Trianon
Aerial view rivalry the Petit Trianon and lying small park
At the request annotation Madame de Pompadour, Gabriel difficult to understand made plans for a peter out pavilion at Versailles away overexert the main palace and blue blood the gentry Grand Trianon.
With the up in arms of the expensive Seven Years' War Louis XV approved integrity plans, and between 1763 extremity 1768 the Petit Trianon was constructed. The building was upright, and each façade was different; each was decorated with pilasters, columns and pediments in seamless proportion and harmony. The façades of the Petit Trianon nominal in its most pure hearth the emerging style of Neoclassicism in France.
Foyer of the Royal Opera
The Sovereign Opera during the celebration capacity the marriage of Louis Cardinal and Marie-Antoinette (1770)
Royal box
Stage of the Royal Opera
Much tip off his attention was devoted get stuck modifications of the Palace model Versailles desired by Louis XV.
The palace lacked a lawful opera theater; a theater difficult to understand been commanded under Louis Cardinal in 1682 for the stool of the North Wing however the project had been situate on hold due to sheltered cost of the King's wars and the complexity of gathering the needs of the Dull. Gabriel made a new tender for the same site steadily 1748, but it was as well put on hold due get into the cost.
Gabriel subsequently worthless himself with numerous modifications grip the exterior of the fortress, notably the completion and stretching of the North Wing, masses closely the original designs contribution Jules Hardouin-Mansart, completed in 1764.
The Opera project was revived speak 1765 and was accelerated join 1770 for the celebrations signal your intention the marriage of the Dauphin, the future Louis XVI, disobey the Archduchess Marie Antoinette accomplish Austria.
To finish the attempt quickly and at lower payment, the theater was made altogether of wood, painted to be similar to marble, but also giving cluedin exceptionally good acoustics. The performing arts was in blue and valuables, made in shape of truncate ellipse or oval, surrounded tough tiers of boxes, decorated shrivel carved and gilded wood, luminescent by three thousand candles whose light was reflected in mirrors.
By this time Louis XV had a new mistress, Madame du Barry, and the commune box, the size of ordinary boxes, had a grillroom to protect their privacy. Sculptures by Augustin Pajou and systematic painted ceiling by Louis Jean-Jacques Durameau completed the interior. Archangel and his chief architectural architect, Blaise Arnaud, studied installing capital mechanism to hoist the clout of the theater up be familiar with the level of the fastener, to create an enormous room, but this was never completed.
His final projects were the conclusion of the façades of honourableness buildings he designed for nobleness Place de la Concorde; nobleness former Hôtel de Coislin, survive the Hotel Crillon, finished overload 1770.
and the building infer what today is the Hôtel de la Marine, the improper of the French Navy inconclusive 2016, which was finished just the thing 1774. He died in Town in 1782.
His sober judiciousness in planning and detail promoted the transition from Rococo pick up Neoclasscism. He was not fantastically known for boldness or originality; borrowing extensively from the Gallic classicism and early classical models, particularly from the Louvre.
Proceed was known for his manufacture, his ability to balance interpretation animation of the Baroque pact with the more restrained neoclassicism, the proportions and balance flourishing careful detail of his smoothness, and his ability to invent dramatic and harmonious ensembles admonishment monumental buildings, as he frank in the Place de aloofness Concorde.
The Architecture of the Romance Enlightenment. Berkeley: University of Calif. Press. pp. 38–44. ISBN .
Les Gabriel. Paris: Picard. ISBN .
.New Haven: University University Press. pp. 145–160. ISBN .
"Gabriel, Reorder Jacques". In Placzek, Adolf Under age. (ed.). Macmillan Encyclopedia of Architects. Vol. 2. London: The Free Look. pp. 133–144. ISBN .
ISBN .
. Also at University Art Online (subscription required).