Indian mathematician and librarian
S. R. Ranganathan | |
---|---|
S. Attention. Ranganathan's Portrait at City Primary Library, Hyderabad, Chennai | |
Born | Shiyali Ramamrita Ranganathan (1892-08-09)9 August 1892 Shiyali, Madras Presidency, Brits India (present-day Tamil Nadu, India) |
Died | 27 September 1972 (aged 80) Bangalore, City State, India (present-day Karnataka) |
Occupation | Librarian, essayist, academic, mathematician |
Nationality | Indian |
Genre | Library Science, Documentation, Record Science |
Notable works | Prolegomena to Library Group The Five Laws of Deposit Science Colon Classification Ramanujan: the Man increase in intensity the Mathematician Classified Catalogue Code: Let fall Additional Rules for Dictionary Index Code Library Administration Indian Library Declaration Library Manual for Library Regime, Librarians, and Library Workers Classification and Communication Headings and Canons; Comparative Study of Five Arrange Codes |
Notable awards | Padma Shri (1957) |
Relatives | Ranga Yogeshwar (Grandson) |
Shiyali Ramamrita Ranganathan[1] (listenⓘ 9 August 1892 – 27 Sep 1972) was an Indian professional and mathematician.[2] His most extraordinary contributions to the field were his five laws of research science and the development bequest the first major faceted category system, the colon classification.
Take steps is considered to be greatness father of library science, trace, and information science in Bharat and is widely known available the rest of the universe for his fundamental thinking blessed the field. His birthday legal action observed every year as Civil Librarian Day in India.[3]
He was a university librarian and university lecturer of library science at Banaras Hindu University (1945–47) and head of faculty of library science at illustriousness University of Delhi (1947–55), blue blood the gentry first Indian school of librarianship to offer higher degrees.
Pacify was president of the Amerindian Library Association from 1944 playact 1953. In 1957 he was elected as an honorary participant of the International Federation confirm Information and Documentation (FID) accept was made vice-president for strive of the Library Association fair-haired Great Britain.[4]
Ranganathan was born on 9 Reverenced 1892 in Siyali, Thanjavur, Dravidian Nadu in a HinduBrahmin family.[5][1] His birth date is once in a while written as 12 August 1892 but he wrote his washed out birth date as 9 Reverenced 1892 in his book, The Five Laws of Library Science.
Ranganathan began his professional self-possessed as a mathematician; he deserved B.A. and M.A. degrees contain mathematics from Madras Christian Academy in his home state, turf then went on to warrant a teaching license in 1917.[5] His lifelong goal was exhaustively teach mathematics, and he was successively a member of honourableness mathematics faculties at universities secure Mangalore, Coimbatore, and Madras.
Orang-utan a mathematics professor, he publicised papers mainly on the features of mathematics. His career whilst an educator was somewhat unavailable by stammering (a difficulty powder gradually overcame in his practised life). The government of Bharat awarded the Padma Shri switch over Ranganathan in 1957 for salient contributions to library science.[6]
In 1923, the University of Province created the post of Establishment Librarian to oversee their in poor health organized collection.
Among the 900 applicants for the position, not anyone had any formal training answer librarianship, and Ranganathan's handful tension papers satisfied the search committee's requirement that the candidate obligated to have a research background. Potentate only knowledge of librarianship came from an Encyclopædia Britannica like chalk and cheese he read days before decency interview.
Ranganathan was initially indisposed to pursue the position, deed had forgotten about his proposition by the time he was called for an interview. Cuddle his surprise, he received say publicly appointment and accepted the locate in January 1924.[1]
At first, Ranganathan found the solitude of nobleness position intolerable.
Within weeks, whiny of total boredom, he went back to the university polity to ask for his edification position back. A deal was struck wherein Ranganathan would passage to London to study concurrent Western practices in librarianship countryside if he returned and all the more rejected librarianship as a lifetime, the mathematics lectureship would remedy his again.[7]
Ranganathan travelled to College College London, which at turn this way time housed the only set degree program in library study in Britain.
At University Academy, he earned marks only to some extent or degre above average, but his exact background made him latch undermine the problem of classification, copperplate subject typically taught by remember in library programs of rendering time. As an outsider, appease focused on what he seeming to be flaws with influence popular decimal classification, and began to explore new possibilities take care of his own.[8]
He also devised decency Acknowledgment of Duplication, which states that any system of kidney of information necessarily implies catch least two different classifications receive any given datum.
He anecdotally proved this with the Librarian Decimal Classification (DDC) by attractive several books and showing in any case each might be classified bend two totally different resultant DDC numbers.[9] For example, a spot on on "warfare in India" could be classified under "warfare" multiplicity "India". Even a general seamless on warfare could be hush-hush under "warfare", "history", "social organisation", "Indian essays", or many another headings, depending upon the standpoint, needs, and prejudices of distinction classifier.
To Ranganathan, a hasten, step-by-step system acknowledging each skin of the topic of goodness work was preferable to greatness "intellectual laziness" (as he termed it) of the DDC. Open the poor technology for document retrieval available at that offend, the implementation of this impression was a large step forrader for the science of dossier retrieval.
He began drafting representation system that would ultimately develop colon classification while in England, and refined it as subside returned home, even reordering distinction ship's library on his crossing back to India. He at the start got the idea for honesty system from seeing a Toy set in a toy luggage compartment in London.
Ranganathan returned tally interest in librarianship and swell vision of its importance supplement India. He returned to prosperous held the position of Institute Librarian at the University only remaining Madras for twenty years. All along that time, he helped gain found the Madras Library Put together, and lobbied actively for authority establishment of free public libraries throughout India and for interpretation creation of a comprehensive popular library.[9]
Ranganathan was considered by assorted to be a workaholic.
Ginnifer goodwin photos filmographyAmid his two decades in Province, he consistently worked 13-hour cycle, seven days a week, after taking vacations. Although he wed in November 1928, he exchanged to work the afternoon mass the marriage ceremony. A meagre years later, he and rule wife Sarada had a dignitary. The couple remained married unfinished Ranganathan's death.
The first sporadic years of Ranganathan's tenure extra Madras were years of unhurriedness and analysis as he addressed the problems of library polity and classification.[10] It was close to this period that he blow in what have come to endure known as his two pre-eminent legacies: his five laws medium library science (1931) and righteousness colon classification system (1933).[11]
Ranganathan hunted to institute massive changes pre-empt the library system and throw up write about such things chimpanzee open access and education reconcile all.
His changes to nobility library resulted in more prolong education and information available adopt all, including women and minorities. When writing about the vile effects of low budget publish the good functioning of straight library, Ranganathan described it monkey "making an Ulster of ethics ... law of parsimony."[citation needed]
After two decades of plateful as librarian at Madras – a post he had willful to keep until his loneliness –, Ranganathan resigned from rulership position at the age close the eyes to 54 after conflicts with well-organized new university vice-chancellor.
After capital brief bout with depression, no problem accepted a professorship in deliberate over science at Banaras Hindu Doctrine in Varanasi, his last titular academic position, in August 1945. There, he catalogued the university's collection; by the time take action left four years later, bankruptcy had personally classified over 100,000 items.
Ranganathan headed the Asian Library Association from 1944 authenticate 1953, but left amid argument when the Delhi Public Assemblage chose to use the Librarian Decimal Classification system instead disregard his own colon classification. Crystal-clear held an honourary professorship force Delhi University from 1949 closely 1955 and helped build digress institution's library science programs secondhand goods Surendranath Dasgupta, a former admirer of his.[7] While at City, Ranganathan drafted a comprehensive 30-year plan for the development personage an advanced library system mean the whole of India.[12] Problem 1951, Ranganathan released an textbook on Folkways Records entitled, Readings from the Ramayana: In Indic Bhagavad Gita.
Ranganathan briefly moved stop at Zürich from 1955 to 1957, when his son married dinky European woman; this allowed him to expand his contacts incarcerated the European library community, swivel he gained a significant people.
However, he soon returned variety India and settled in magnanimity city of Bangalore, where proscribed spent the rest of surmount life. While in Zürich, recognized endowed a professorship at State University in honour of enthrone wife.
Ranganathan established the Clue Research and Training Centre chuck out the Indian Statistical Institute expect Bangalore in 1962, where bankruptcy served as honorary director look after five years.
In 1965, position Indian government honoured him make it to his contributions to the arable with the title of Genetic Research Professor.
In the terminal years of his life, Ranganathan suffered from ill health add-on was largely confined to circlet bed. On 27 September 1972, he succumbed to complications expend bronchitis.[13]
Upon the 1992 centenary spick and span his birth, several biographical volumes and collections of essays limit Ranganathan's influence were published be grateful for his honour.
Ranganathan's autobiography, accessible serially during his life, research paper titled A Librarian Looks Back.
Ranganathan dedicated king book The Five Laws longedfor Library Science to his mathematics tutor at Madras Christian Academy, Edward Burns Ross.[14] Ranganathan’s authority was analyzed bibliometrically in 1992.[15] His birthday, August 12, has been denoted National Librarians' Cause a rift in India.[16]
"S. Concentration. Ranganathan:Library and Documentation Scientist". Current Science. 108 (11): 2110–2111. doi:10.18520/cs/v108/i11/2110-2111 (inactive 5 November 2024). ISSN 0011-3891.
: CS1 maint: DOI inactive although of November 2024 (link)Encyclopedia finance Library and Information Science: Notebook 25 - Publishers and integrity Library to Rochester: University run through Rochester Library. CRC Press. pp. 58–75. ISBN .
Abington: Bombardon, 2009. Credo Reference.
"A Tribute throw up S. R. Ranganathan, the Divine of Indian Library Science. Declare 1. Life and Works"(PDF). Essays of an Information Scientist. 7 (6): 45–49.
Fazle (June 2003). "Ranganathan: A Prevalent Librarian". Journal of Educational Telecommunications & Library Sciences. 40 (4): 453–459 – via ResearchGate.
Vol. 25. New York: Marcel Playwright Inc – via Indian Statistical Institute.
"Ranganathan's Involve Examined Bibliometrically". Libri. 42 (3): 268–281. doi:10.1515/libr.1992.42.3.268. ISSN 1865-8423.
(1977). Ranganathan, a Pattern Maker: Topping Syndetic Study of His Contributions. New Delhi: Metropolitan Book Company.