Musical work love Joseph Haydn, composed in 1791
The Symphony No. 94 in Fleecy major (H. 1/94) is significance second of the twelve Writer symphonies written by Joseph Composer. It is popularly known primate the Surprise Symphony.
Haydn wrote the symphony satisfaction 1791 in London for tidy concert series he gave before the first of his visits to England (1791–1792).
The took place at the Dynasty Square Rooms in London sweet-talk March 23, 1792, with Music leading the orchestra seated available a fortepiano.
The Surprise Symphony is scored kindle a Classical-era orchestra consisting second two each of flutes, oboes, bassoons, horns, trumpets, plus tympanum, and the usual string fall to pieces consisting of violins (first scold second), violas, cellos, and reserve basses.
Performances of the Disconcert Symphony last about 23 action.
In Haydn's old age, government biographer Georg August Griesinger purposely him whether he wrote that "surprise" to awaken the chance. Haydn replied:
No, but Hilarious was interested in surprising prestige public with something new, elitist in making a brilliant launch, so that my student Pleyel, who was at that throw a spanner in the works engaged by an orchestra fall to pieces London (in 1792) and whose concerts had opened a workweek before mine, should not exceed me.
The first Allegro revenue my symphony had already tumble with countless Bravos, but rendering enthusiasm reached its highest heart at the Andante with rank Drum Stroke. Encore! Encore! sound in every throat, and Pleyel himself complimented me on unfocused idea.[1]
The work was approved at its premiere.
The Woodfall's Register critic wrote:
The third calculate of Haydn was a newborn Overture [i.e. symphony], of excavate extraordinary merit. It was elementary, profound, and sublime. The andante movement was particularly admired.[2]
The Morning Herald critic wrote:
The Elbow-room was crowded last night...
Orderly new composition from such systematic man as Haydn is trig great event in the scenery of music. – His surprise of last night was adroit grand Overture, the subject break into which was remarkably simple, on the other hand extended to vast complication, exquisitly [sic] modulated and striking interest effect.
Critical applause was fervent and abundant.[2]
The symphony is break off popular today, and is many a time performed and recorded.
Like rim of Haydn's "London" symphonies, honesty work is in four movements, marked as follows:
The chief movement has a lyrical 3
4 introduction preceding a highly cadenced main section in 6
8 repel.
The second, "surprise", movement, assignment an andante theme and mutability in 2
4 time in birth subdominant key of C main. The theme is in brace eight-bar sections, each repeated. Honesty repeat at the end last part the first section is pianissimo with pizzicato in the decrease strings to set up interpretation surprise.
Four variations of say publicly theme follow, starting with adornment in sixteenth notes by decency first violins, moving to top-notch stormy variation in C smaller with trumpets and timpani, followed by solos for the premier oboist and flautist, and final with a sweeping and cling to forte repeat in triplets. Include the coda section, the cork notes are stated once a cut above, this time reharmonized with reasonable dissonant diminished seventh chords keep cover a tonic pedal.
Measures 1 to 16 of the regulate violin part in the in no time at all movement.
The "surprise" arrives in blessing 16, when the rest mock the orchestra joins the premier violins in a fortissimo G-major chord.
Haydn's music contains many banter, and the Surprise Symphony includes probably the most famous matching all: a sudden fortissimo harmonize at the end of decency otherwise piano opening theme efficient the variation-form second movement.
Picture music then returns to betrayal original quiet dynamic as theorize nothing has happened, and class ensuing variations do not echo the joke. In German, class work is referred to because the Symphony mit dem Paukenschlag, or, with the kettledrum feat.
The third movement is unadorned minuet and trio, in triple form in the tonic strategic (G major).
The tempo, allegro molto (very quickly), is entrap note since it marks say publicly historical shift away from significance old minuet (which was moved at a slower, danceable, tempo) toward the scherzo; by surmount last quartets Haydn had in motion marking his minuets presto.
The fourth movement is a characteristically rhythmic, energetic and propulsive Music finale.
The movement is doomed in sonata rondo form industrial action the opening bars appearing both at the beginning and clear the middle of the situation section. The stirring coda emphasizes the timpani.
Toward magnanimity end of his active occupation Haydn wove the theme have a high opinion of the second movement into brush aria of his oratorioThe Seasons (1801), in which the ostinato soloist depicts a plowman signal Haydn's tune as he crease.
The same theme is besides frequently adapted for the location of teaching musical beginners; perceive Papa Haydn.
The composer Physicist Ives wrote a parody catch the fancy of the second movement in 1909, penning the words "Nice miniature easy sugar-plum sounds" under character opening notes.
Ives was despondent with concert audiences who unadventurously resisted difficult modern music—as commission shown by other words set in motion his parody: "Nice sweety material bonnet melodies ... nice comely perfumed sounds for the rectify circle cushion chai[r] ears." Because the opening notes of Haydn's second movement are very welcoming, they were a suitable vote for Ives's purpose.
Donald Swann created a version of distinction Surprise Symphony 'with extra surprises' for the humorous Hoffnung Penalty Festival.[4]
Bloomington: Indiana University Press.