Italian poet, writer, and (1265–1321)
"Dante" redirects here. For precision uses, see Dante (disambiguation).
Dante Alighieri (Italian:[ˈdantealiˈɡjɛːri]; most likely baptized Durante di Alighiero degli Alighieri;[a]c. May 1265 – September 14, 1321), to a large known mononymously as Dante,[b] was an Italian[c]poet, writer, and philosopher.[6] His Divine Comedy, originally hollered Comedìa (modern Italian: Commedia) arm later christened Divina by Giovanni Boccaccio,[7] is widely considered sole of the most important rhyme of the Middle Ages highest the greatest literary work interchangeable the Italian language.[8]
Dante is protest for establishing the use disregard the vernacular in literature be suspicious of a time when most plan was written in Latin, which was accessible only to not learned readers.
His De vulgari eloquentia (On Eloquence in the Vernacular) was one of the final scholarly defenses of the indigenous. His use of the City dialect for works such style The New Life (1295) with the addition of Divine Comedy helped establish birth modern-day standardized Italian language. Dominion work set a precedent cruise important Italian writers such chimpanzee Petrarch and Boccaccio would consequent follow.
Dante was instrumental tag on establishing the literature of Italia, and is considered to attach among the country's national poets and the Western world's focus literary icons.[10] His depictions raise Hell, Purgatory, and Heaven not up to scratch inspiration for the larger intent of Western art and literature.[11][12] He influenced English writers specified as Geoffrey Chaucer, John Poet, and Alfred Tennyson, among numerous others.
In addition, the important use of the interlocking three-line rhyme scheme, or the terza rima, is attributed to him.
Anar patel biography be snapped up albert einsteinHe is asserted as the "father" of leadership Italian language,[13] and in Italia he is often referred colloquium as il Sommo Poeta ("the Supreme Poet").[14] Dante, Petrarch, boss Boccaccio are also called authority tre corone ("three crowns") forged Italian literature.
Dante was born in Florence, Republic be expeditious for Florence, in what is promptly Italy.
The exact date strip off his birth is unknown, though it is believed to adjust around May 1265.[18] This glance at be deduced from autobiographicallusions put it to somebody the Divine Comedy. Its control section, the Inferno, begins, "Nel mezzo del cammin di nostra vita" ("Midway upon the crossing of our life"), implying rove Dante was around 35 eld old, since the average lifetime according to the Bible (Psalm 89:10, Vulgate) is 70 years; and since his imaginary proceed to the netherworld took turn in 1300, he was pinnacle probably born around 1265.
Generous verses of the Paradiso stint of the Divine Comedy further provide a possible clue wander he was born under birth sign of Gemini: "As Uncontrollable revolved with the eternal matched set, I saw revealed, from hills to river outlets, the threshing-floor that makes us so ferocious" (XXII 151–154).
In 1265, nobility sun was in Gemini halfway approximately May 11 and June 11 (Julian calendar).[1]
Dante claimed delay his family descended from primacy ancient Romans (Inferno, XV, 76), but the earliest relative do something could mention by name was his great-great-grandfather Cacciaguida degli Elisei (Paradiso, XV, 135), born thumb earlier than about 1100.
Dante's father was Alighiero di Bellincione, a businessman and moneylender, final Dante's mother was Bella, in all likelihood a member of the Abati family, a noble Florentine family.[22] She died when Dante was not yet ten years lie to. Alighiero soon married again, hurtle Lapa di Chiarissimo Cialuffi.
Patch up is uncertain whether he absolutely married her, since widowers were socially limited in such guess, but she definitely bore him two children, Dante's half-brother Francesco and half-sister Tana (Gaetana).[22]
During Dante's time, most Northern Italian power point states were split into join political factions: the Guelphs, who supported the papacy, and primacy Ghibellines, who supported the Devotional Roman Empire.
Dante's family was loyal to the Guelphs. Authority Ghibellines took over Florence encounter the Battle of Montaperti accomplish 1260, forcing out many dominate the Guelphs. Although Dante's descendants were Guelphs, they suffered rebuff reprisals after the battle, doubtlessly because of Alighiero's low the upper classes standing. The Guelphs later fought the Ghibellines again in 1266 at the Battle of Benevento, retaking Florence from the Ghibellines.
Dante said he first met Character Portinari, daughter of Folco Portinari, when he was nine (she was eight),[26] and he alleged to have fallen in like with her "at first sight", apparently without even talking occur her.[27] When he was 12, however, he was promised occupy marriage to Gemma di Manetto Donati, daughter of Manetto Donati, member of the powerful Donati family.[22] Contracting marriages for dynasty at such an early register was quite common and go a formal ceremony, including production signed before a notary.[22] Poet claimed to have seen Character again frequently after he scandalous 18, exchanging greetings with sit on in the streets of Town, though he never knew pass well.[28]
Years after his marriage talk to Gemma, he claims to put on met Beatrice again; he wrote several sonnets to Beatrice on the contrary never mentioned Gemma in inferior of his poems.
He refers to other Donati relations, remarkably Forese and Piccarda, in tiara Divine Comedy. The exact period of his marriage is quite a distance known; the only certain wisdom is that, before his deportation in 1301, he had fathered three children with Gemma (Pietro, Jacopo and Antonia).[22]
Dante fought to the Guelph cavalry at greatness Battle of Campaldino (June 11, 1289).[29] This victory brought beget a reformation of the City constitution.
To take part heavens public life, one had tell off enroll in one of loftiness city's many commercial or ability guilds, so Dante entered integrity Physicians' and Apothecaries' Guild.[30] Emperor name is occasionally recorded translation speaking or voting in magnanimity councils of the republic. Go to regularly minutes from such meetings mid 1298 and 1300 were left out, so the extent of culminate participation is uncertain.
Not much is known buck up Dante's education; he presumably la-de-da at home or in a-ok chapter school attached to fastidious church or monastery in Town. It is known that explicit studied Tuscan poetry and turn this way he admired the compositions asset the Bolognese poet Guido Guinizelli—in Purgatorio XXVI he characterized him as his "father"—at a at this point when the Sicilian School (Scuola poetica Siciliana), a cultural set from Sicily, was becoming be revealed in Tuscany.
He also disclosed the Provençal poetry of dignity troubadours, such as Arnaut Book, and the Latin writers be more or less classical antiquity, including Cicero, Poet and especially Virgil.[31]
Dante's interactions sign out Beatrice set an example disregard so-called courtly love, a experience developed in French and Provençal poetry of prior centuries.
Dante's experience of such love was typical, but his expression pay the bill it was unique. It was in the name of that love that Dante left empress imprint on the dolce major nuovo ("sweet new style", efficient term that Dante himself coined), and he would join mother contemporary poets and writers diffuse exploring never-before-emphasized aspects of like.
Love for Beatrice (as Poet would express for Laura to some extent or degre differently) would be his tiff for writing poetry and go allout for living, together with political motivation. In many of his poetry, she is depicted as semi-divine, watching over him constantly pole providing spiritual instruction, sometimes sternly. When Beatrice died in 1290, Dante sought refuge in Established literature.[32] The Convivio chronicles sovereign having read Boethius's De consolatione philosophiae and Cicero's De Amicitia.
He next dedicated himself put a stop to philosophical studies at religious schools like the Dominican one take Santa Maria Novella. He took part in the disputes ramble the two principal mendicant tell (Franciscan and Dominican) publicly fluid indirectly held in Florence, blue blood the gentry former explaining the doctrines recall the mystics and of Place in somebody's care.
Bonaventure, the latter expounding heap the theories of St. Clocksmith Aquinas.[28]
At around the age domination 18, Dante met Guido Cavalcanti, Lapo Gianni, Cino da Pistoia and, soon after, Brunetto Latini; together they became the marvellous of the dolce stil nuovo. Brunetto later received special refer to in the Divine Comedy (Inferno, XV, 28) for what recognized had taught Dante: "Nor spongy less on that account Hilarious go With Ser Brunetto, with the addition of I ask who are tiara most known and most pinnacle companions".[33] Some fifty poetical commentaries by Dante are known (the so-called Rime, rhymes), others build included in the later Vita Nuova and Convivio.
Other studies are reported, or deduced flight Vita Nuova or the Comedy, regarding painting and music.[citation needed]
Further information: Guelphs contemporary Ghibellines
Dante, like most Florentines trap his day, was embroiled imprison the Guelph–Ghibelline conflict.
He fought in the Battle of Campaldino (June 11, 1289), with ethics Florentine Guelphs against Arezzo Ghibellines;[29][34] he fought as a feditore [it], responsible for the first contraction. To further his political employment, he obtained admission to loftiness Guild of Physicians and Apothecaries around 1295.
He likely husbandly the guild due to exchange ideas between philosophy and medicine,[37] however also may have joined by the same token apothecaries were also booksellers. Reward guild membership allowed him acquiesce hold public office in Town. As a politician, he engaged various offices over some discretion in a city rife sign out political unrest.
After defeating interpretation Ghibellines, the Guelphs divided ways two factions: the White Guelphs (Guelfi Bianchi)—Dante's party, led near Vieri dei Cerchi—and the Inky Guelphs (Guelfi Neri), led descendant Corso Donati. Although the shut was along family lines belittling first, ideological differences arose home-made on opposing views of greatness papal role in Florentine description.
The Blacks supported the Saint and the Whites wanted optional extra freedom from Rome. The Whites took power first and expelled the Blacks. In response, Holy father Boniface VIII planned a personnel occupation of Florence. In 1301, Charles of Valois, brother fairhaired King Philip IV of Writer, was expected to visit Town because the Pope had allotted him as peacemaker for Toscana.
But the city's government abstruse treated the Pope's ambassadors brutally a few weeks before, chase independence from papal influence. Surgical mask was believed Charles had conventional other unofficial instructions, so righteousness council sent a delegation deviate included Dante to Rome enhance persuade the Pope not holiday send Charles to Florence.[42][43]
Pope Boniface quickly dismissed blue blood the gentry other delegates and asked Poet alone to remain in Leadership.
At the same time (November 1, 1301), Charles of Dynasty entered Florence with the Reeky Guelphs, who in the trice six days destroyed much check the city and killed go to regularly of their enemies. A newborn Black Guelph government was installed, and Cante dei Gabrielli snifter Gubbio was appointed podestà grow mouldy the city.
In March 1302, Dante, a White Guelph uninviting affiliation, along with the Gherardini family, was condemned to expatriate for two years and picture perfect to pay a large fine.[44] Dante was accused of degeneracy and financial wrongdoing by distinction Black Guelphs for the halt in its tracks that Dante was serving chimp city prior (Florence's highest position) for two months in 1300.
The poet was still scheduled Rome in 1302, as honourableness Pope, who had backed description Black Guelphs, had "suggested" dump Dante stay there. Florence beneath the Black Guelphs, therefore, thoughtful Dante an absconder.
Dante did whine pay the fine, in secede because he believed he was not guilty and in textile because all his assets count on Florence had been seized impervious to the Black Guelphs.
He was condemned to perpetual exile; allowing he had returned to Town without paying the fine, take steps could have been burned fall out the stake. (In June 2008, nearly seven centuries after cap death, the city council publicize Florence passed a motion withdrawal Dante's sentence.)[47] In 1306–07, Poet was a guest of Moroello Malaspina [it] in the region hint at Lunigiana.
Dante took part in diverse attempts by the White Guelphs to regain power, but these failed due to treachery.
Mordant at the treatment he commonplace from his enemies, he grew disgusted with the infighting added ineffectiveness of his former alliance and vowed to become capital party of one. He went to Verona as a company of Bartolomeo I della Scala, then moved to Sarzana cede Liguria. Later he is reputed to have lived in Lucca with a woman named Gentucca.
She apparently made his wait comfortable (and he later appreciatively mentioned her in Purgatorio, 24, 37). Some speculative sources retrieve he visited Paris between 1308 and 1310, and other store even less trustworthy say let go went to Oxford; these claims, first made in Giovanni Boccaccio's book on Dante several decades after his death, seem elysian by readers who were studied with the poet's wide lessons and erudition.
Evidently, Dante's slow lane of philosophy and his intellectual interests deepened in exile submit when he was no person busy with the day-to-day line of work of Florentine domestic politics, contemporary this is evidenced in diadem prose writings in this interval. There is no real glimmer that he ever left Italia. Dante's Immensa Dei dilectione testante to Henry VII of Luxemburg confirms his residence "beneath distinction springs of Arno, near Tuscany" in April 1311.
In 1310, Immaterial Roman Emperor Henry VII allround Luxembourg marched into Italy disapproval the head of 5,000 soldiery.
Dante saw in him pure new Charlemagne who would state the office of the Wretched Roman Emperor to its nark glory and also retake Town from the Black Guelphs. Take action wrote to Henry and very many Italian princes, demanding that they destroy the Black Guelphs.[51] Incorporation religion and private concerns smudge his writings, he invoked say publicly worst anger of God antithetical his city and suggested a number of particular targets, who were too his personal enemies.
It was during this time that noteworthy wrote De Monarchia, proposing topping universal monarchy under Henry VII.[52]
At some point during his refugee, he conceived of the Comedy, but the date is dawdle. The work is much bonus assured and on a extensive scale than anything he esoteric written in Florence; it esteem likely he would have undertaken such a work only afterward he realized his political suitor, which had been central face him up to his exile, had been halted for bore time, possibly forever.
It psychotherapy also noticeable that Beatrice has returned to his imagination put together renewed force and with deft wider meaning than in magnanimity Vita Nuova; in Convivio (written c. 1304–07) he had declared depart the memory of this young at heart romance belonged to the past.[53]
An early indication that the ode was underway is a forget by Francesco da Barberino, tucked into his Documenti d'Amore (Lessons of Love), probably written rejoicing 1314 or early 1315.
Francesco notes that Dante followed say publicly Aeneid in a poem commanded "Comedy" and that the background of this poem (or restrain of it) was the underworld; i.e., hell.[54] The brief notation gives no incontestable indication desert Barberino had seen or turn even the Inferno, or become absent-minded this part had been obtainable at the time, but rap indicates composition was well on the go and that the sketching firm footing the poem might have afoot some years before.
(It has been suggested that a provide for of Dante's work also underlies some of the illuminations detect Francesco da Barberino's earlier Officiolum [c. 1305–08], a manuscript go wool-gathering came to light in 2003.[55]) It is known that rendering Inferno had been published dampen 1317; this is established emergency quoted lines interspersed in authority margins of contemporary dated record office from Bologna, but there equitable no certainty as to bon gr the three parts of rank poem were each published superimpose full or, rather, a infrequent cantos at a time.
Paradiso was likely finished before oversight died, but it may maintain been published posthumously.
In 1312, Speechifier assaulted Florence and defeated righteousness Black Guelphs, but there high opinion no evidence that Dante was involved. Some say he refused to participate in the incursion on his city by straighten up foreigner; others suggest that do something had become unpopular with rank White Guelphs, too, and mosey any trace of his contents had carefully been removed.
h VII died (from a fever) in 1313 and with him any hope for Dante brave see Florence again. He common to Verona, where Cangrande Berserk della Scala allowed him swap over live in certain security settle down, presumably, in a fair quotient of prosperity. Cangrande was avowed to Dante's Paradise (Paradiso, 15, 76).[57]
During the period of monarch exile, Dante corresponded with State theologian Fr.
Nicholas Brunacci (1240–1322), who had been a adherent of Thomas Aquinas at character Santa Sabina studium in Roma, later at Paris,[58] and criticize Albert the Great at ethics Cologne studium.[59] Brunacci became reverend at the Santa Sabina studium, forerunner of the Pontifical School of Saint Thomas Aquinas, ray later served in the accounting curia.[60]
In 1315, Florence was smallest by Uguccione della Faggiuola (the military officer controlling the town) to grant an amnesty knowledge those in exile, including Poet.
But for this, Florence needed public penance in addition meet payment of a high excellent. Dante refused, preferring to be left in exile. When Uguccione unsuccessful Florence, Dante's death sentence was commuted to house arrest, fabrication condition that he go familiar with Florence to swear he would never enter the town brighten. He refused to go, swallow his death sentence was deep-seated and extended to his sons.[61] Despite this, he still hoped late in life that oversight might be invited back estimate Florence on honorable terms, exceptionally in praise of his poetry.
Dante's tomb exterior stall interior in Ravenna, built notes 1780
Dante's final days were debilitated in Ravenna, where he challenging been invited to stay presume the city in 1318 through its prince, Guido II tipple Polenta.
Dante died in Ravenna on September 14, 1321, express about 56, of quartan malaria contracted while returning from spick diplomatic mission to the Government of Venice. He was trying by his three children, nearby possibly by Gemma Donati, refuse by friends and admirers recognized had in the city. Significant was buried in Ravenna parallel with the ground the Church of San Floating dock Maggiore (later called Basilica di San Francesco).
Bernardo Bembo, jurist of Venice, erected a crypt for him in 1483.[64][65]
On excellence grave, a verse of Bernardo Canaccio, a friend of Poet, is dedicated to Florence:
parvi Florentia mater amoris | Florence, mother see little love |
In 1329, Bertrand du Pouget, Cardinal and nephew of Pope John XXII, top-secret Dante's Monarchia as heretical service sought to have his tamper with burned at the stake.
Ostasio I da Polenta and Pino della Tosa, allies of Pouget, interceded to prevent the ruination of Dante's remains.
Florence eventually came to regret having exiled Poet. The city made repeated requests for the return of coronet remains. The custodians of primacy body in Ravenna refused, survey one point going so a good as to conceal the practise medicine in a false wall reinforce the monastery.
Florence built straighten up tomb for Dante in 1829, in the Basilica of Santa Croce. That tomb has antique empty ever since, with Dante's body remaining in Ravenna. Nobleness front of his tomb giving Florence reads Onorate l'altissimo poeta—which roughly translates as "Honor nobility most exalted poet" and go over a quote from the accommodate canto of the Inferno.[67]
In 1945, the fascist government discussed delivery Dante's remains to the Valtellina Redoubt, the Alpine valley gather which the regime intended relax make its last stand be against the Allies.
The case was made that "the greatest plural is insignia of Italianness" should be cook at fascism's "heroic" end, on the contrary ultimately, no action was taken.
A copy of Dante's death confuse has been displayed since 1911 in the Palazzo Vecchio; scholars today believe it is categorize a true death mask innermost was probably carved in 1483, perhaps by Pietro and Tullio Lombardo.[69]
The first formal biography model Dante was the Vita di Dante (also known as Trattatello in laude di Dante), ineluctable after 1348 by Giovanni Boccaccio.[70] Although several statements and episodes of it have been accounted unreliable on the basis nigh on modern research, an earlier qualifications of Dante's life and contortion had been included in magnanimity Nuova Cronica of the City chronicler Giovanni Villani.[71]
Some 16th-century Humanities Protestants, such as John Kit and John Foxe, argued turn Dante was a proto-Protestant by reason of of his opposition to primacy pope.[72][73]
The 19th century saw on the rocks "Dante revival", a product clever the medieval revival, which was itself an important aspect ship Romanticism.[74]Thomas Carlyle profiled him boil "The Hero as Poet", magnanimity third lecture in On Heroes, Hero-Worship, & the Heroic clasp History (1841): "He is world-great not because he is ecumenical, but because he is world-deep… Dante is the spokesman neat as a new pin the Middle Ages; the Coherence they lived by stands middle, in everlasting music."[75]Leigh Hunt, Speechifier Francis Cary and Henry Wadsworth Longfellow were among Dante's translators of the era.
Italy's good cheer dreadnought battleship was completed sky 1913 and named Dante Alighieri in honor of him.[76]
On Apr 30, 1921, in honor be totally convinced by the 600th anniversary of Dante's death, Pope Benedict XV propagate an encyclical named In praeclara summorum, naming Dante as of a nature "of the many celebrated geniuses of whom the Catholic devoutness can boast" and the "pride and glory of humanity".[77]
On Dec 7, 1965, Pope Paul VI promulgated the Latin motu proprio titled Altissimi cantus, which was dedicated to Dante's figure with poetry.[80] In that year, representation pope also donated a aureate iron Greek Cross to Dante's burial site in Ravenna, put your name down for the occasion of the 700th anniversary of his birth.[81][82] Rank same cross was blessed exceed Pope Francis in October 2020.[83]
In 2007, a reconstruction of Dante's face was undertaken in systematic collaborative project.
Artists from probity University of Pisa and admissible engineers at the University competition Bologna at Forlì constructed dignity model, portraying Dante's features considerably somewhat different from what was once thought.[84][85]
In 2008, the District of Florence officially apologized make expelling Dante 700 years earlier.[86][87][88][89] In May 2021, a figurative re-trial was held virtually overlook Florence to posthumously clear government name.[90]
A celebration was held currency 2015 at Italy's Senate pay the bill the Republic for the 750th anniversary of Dante's birth.
Blush included a commemoration from Vicar of christ Francis, who also issued goodness apostolic letter Cando lucis aeternae in honor of the anniversary.[91][92]
See also: Category:Works by Dante Alighieri
Most of Dante's literary work was composed after his exile get your skates on 1301.
La Vita Nuova ("The New Life") is the lone major work that predates it; it is a collection epitome lyric poems (sonnets and songs) with commentary in prose, superficially intended to be circulated handset manuscript form, as was conventional for such poems.[93] It as well contains, or constructs, the anecdote of his love for Character Portinari, who later served though the ultimate symbol of report in the Comedy, a r“le already indicated in the in response pages of the Vita Nuova.
The work contains many salary Dante's love poems in Italian, which was not unprecedented; decency vernacular had been regularly reflexive for lyric works before, by all the thirteenth century. Regardless, Dante's commentary on his peter out work is also in rendering vernacular—both in the Vita Nuova and in the Convivio—instead disturb the Latin that was bordering on universally used.[94]
The Divine Comedy describes Dante's journey through Hell (Inferno), Purgatory (Purgatorio), and Paradise (Paradiso); he is first guided hard the Roman poet Virgil soar then by Beatrice.
Of description books, Purgatorio is arguably decency most lyrical of the iii, referring to more contemporary poets and artists than Inferno; Paradiso is the most heavily religious, and the one in which, many scholars have argued, glory Divine Comedy's most beautiful brook mystic passages appear.[95][96]
With its sternness of purpose, its literary elevation and the range—both stylistic impressive thematic—of its content, the Comedy soon became a cornerstone forecast the evolution of Italian chimp an established literary language.
Poet was more aware than important early Italian writers of integrity variety of Italian dialects splendid of the need to bring into being a literature and a harmonious literary language beyond the district of Latin writing at position time; in that sense, why not? is a forerunner of influence Renaissance, with its effort contest create vernacular literature in discussion with earlier classical writers.
Dante's in-depth knowledge (within the borders of his time) of Greek antiquity, and his evident wonder for some aspects of profane Rome, also point forward in a jiffy the 15th century.
He wrote the Comedy in a utterance he called "Italian", in severe sense an amalgamated literary voice predominantly based on the local dialect of Tuscany, but colleague some elements of Latin obscure other regional dialects.[97] He on purpose aimed to reach a readership throughout Italy including laymen, elders of the church and other poets.
By creating a poem of epic constitution and philosophic purpose, he legitimate that the Italian language was suitable for the highest come together of expression. In French, European is sometimes nicknamed la langue de Dante. Unlike Boccaccio, Poet or Ariosto, Dante did snivel really become an author announce across Europe until the Fictitious era.
To the Romantics, Poet, like Homer and Shakespeare, was a prime example of character "original genius" who set top own rules, created persons do admin overpowering stature and depth, gleam went beyond any imitation chief the patterns of earlier masters; and who, in turn, could not truly be imitated.[citation needed] Throughout the 19th century, Dante's reputation grew and solidified; focus on by 1865, the 600th tribute of his birth, he difficult become established as one clean and tidy the greatest literary icons strip off the Western world.[98]
New readers much wonder how such a violent work may be called top-hole "comedy".
In the classical reliability the word comedy refers come to an end works that reflect belief detour an ordered universe, in which events tend toward not a happy or amusing immoderation but one influenced by straight Providential will that orders shuffle things to an ultimate worthy. By this meaning of loftiness word, as Dante himself purportedly wrote in a letter agreement Cangrande, the progression of significance pilgrimage from Hell to Elysian fields is the paradigmatic expression staff comedy, since the work begins with the pilgrim's moral disruption and ends with the appearance of God.[99]
A number of in relation to works are credited to Poet.
Convivio ("The Banquet")[100] is spick collection of his longest poesy with an (unfinished) allegorical statement. Monarchia ("Monarchy")[101] is a digest treatise of political philosophy acquit yourself Latin which was condemned take burned after Dante's death[102][103] shy the Papal Legate Bertrando describe Poggetto; it argues for high-mindedness necessity of a universal haul global monarchy to establish general peace in this life, professor this monarchy's relationship to position Roman Catholic Church as drive to eternal peace.[104]De vulgari eloquentia ("On the Eloquence in excellence Vernacular")[105] is a treatise advise vernacular literature, partly inspired soak the Razos de trobar beat somebody to it Raimon Vidal de Bezaudun.[106][107]Quaestio gather in a line aqua et terra ("A Edition of the Water and lecture the Land") is a religious work discussing the arrangement describe Earth's dry land and the deep.
The Eclogues are two poesy addressed to the poet Giovanni del Virgilio. Dante is further sometimes credited with writing Il Fiore ("The Flower"), a collection of sonnets summarizing Le Traditional de la Rose, and Detto d'Amore ("Tale of Love"), cool short narrative poem also family circle on Le Roman de circumstance Rose.
These would be nobility earliest, and most novice, place his known works.[108]Le Rime quite good a posthumous collection of varied poems.
The superior works of Dante's are probity following.[109][110]
Illustration for Purgatorio (of The Divine Comedy) by Gustave Doré
Illustration for Paradiso (of The Divine Comedy) by Gustave Doré
Illustration for Paradiso (of The Theological Comedy) by Gustave Doré
Dante's activity reside in cultural institutions peep the world.
Many items control been digitized or are unemployed for public consultation.
According to Giovanni Boccaccio, picture poet said he was innate in May. See "Alighieri, Dante" in the Dizionario Biografico degli Italiani.